GLOBALIZATION AND STATE SOVEREIGNTY IN THE MODERN INTERNATIONAL ORDER: EMERGING ISSUES SURROUNDING SAME-SEX MARRIAGE LEGISLATION

Abstract

This paper examined the extent to which globalization has influenced the formulation and adoption of same-sex marriage laws across national borders in the contemporary international system. Employing a descriptive-qualitative approach, supplemented by a limited quantitative component through an online opinion poll, the study adopted the cyclical (Rise and Fall) theory to frame its analysis of the global dynamics surrounding same-sex marriage. The research focused on the intersection of same-sex marriage legislation and state sovereignty, with particular reference to international human rights laws as promoted by the United Nations. Four countries the United States, Nigeria, China, and the United Kingdom were selected as case studies to highlight the varied responses to the globalization of same-sex marriage norms. The findings suggest that while some states have embraced these norms under the influence of global human rights frameworks, others have resisted them based on cultural, religious, and moral grounds. The study concludes that same-sex marriage legislation remains highly contentious, with many societies viewing it as a challenge to traditional values and national sovereignty. In light of these findings, the paper recommends that the United Nations acknowledge the specific challenges faced by developing and transitional countries in navigating the pressures of globalization. Furthermore, it urges the international community to channel its efforts toward supporting economic development in these regions similar to the strategies employed in the rise of the Asian Tigers rather than promoting social reforms that may be culturally divisive. A more inclusive and balanced approach to globalization is essential for ensuring equity and respect for diverse national identities.