FORENSIC EVIDENCE MANAGEMENT: STRENGTHENING THE CHAIN OF CUSTODY PROCESS IN THE NETHERLANDS

Abstract

Forensic science plays a pivotal role in legal investigations, requiring meticulous handling of evidence to ensure credibility and reliability, especially in an era of rapid technological advancement. The chain of custody remains fundamental for documenting evidence management, preserving its authenticity and integrity from initial collection through to courtroom presentation. This process has become increasingly complex with the rise of digital evidence, which is highly susceptible to manipulation and tampering. Any breach in the chain of custody can render evidence inadmissible, jeopardising legal outcomes. This study conceptualises forensic evidence and evidence management within the theoretical frameworks of Systems Theory and Crime Scene Investigation (CSI) Theory, underscoring the interdependence of all stages of evidence handling. The empirical review highlights how strict chain of custody protocols significantly bolster evidence integrity, ensuring legal admissibility, reducing contamination risks, and enhancing accountability mechanisms. Key challenges in managing digital evidence include data complexity, cross-jurisdictional concerns, the demand for specialised expertise, and the necessity to keep pace with evolving technologies. The study concludes that maintaining a robust chain of custody supported by innovations such as blockchain and RFID is critical for preserving the reliability and admissibility of forensic evidence. Recommendations include developing uniform standards for digital evidence handling, implementing continuous training for professionals, establishing privacy-compliant guidelines, and investing in advanced technologies to improve security and traceability.