CHALLENGES FACED BY U.S. RICE FARMERS IN RELATION TO FEDERAL RICE TARIFF POLICIES

Abstract

Rice is a critical staple crop in the United States, supporting both the agricultural economy and rural livelihoods in states such as Arkansas, California, Louisiana, and Texas. This study examines the challenges faced by U.S. rice farmers in the context of federal rice import policies, particularly under the U.S. Rice Tariffication and Import Liberalization framework. Using a hermeneutic phenomenological approach, in-depth interviews were conducted with six rice farmers across Arkansas and Louisiana to capture their lived experiences. Findings revealed three primary concerns. First, federal import policies have created economic pressures, including fluctuating rice prices, rising production costs, and reliance on intermediaries due to limited direct market access. Second, competition from imported rice has intensified, challenging domestic farmers’ profitability and financial stability. Third, coping strategies employed by farmers include reducing input costs, diversifying crops, forming cooperatives, and advocating for targeted government interventions. The study also highlights perceived gaps in institutional support from agricultural agencies such as the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Farm Service Agency (FSA). Based on these insights, recommendations include reassessing rice import policies, strengthening domestic market protections, improving infrastructure, and implementing targeted financial support for farmers. Further research is suggested to explore the long-term socioeconomic impacts of import liberalization on U.S. rice-producing communities.