International Journal of Research in Agriculture and Environmental Studies
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Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): October
Articles

Analysis of Heterosis in Okra for Yield and Related Agronomic Traits

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  • Hameed Osman,
  • Musa Ali

Published 2026-10-07

Keywords

  • Array

Abstract

This research assessed heterosis, heterobeltiosis, and standard heterosis for yield and important agronomic traits in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) using a line × tester mating system aimed at identifying high-performing hybrid combinations for breeding improvement. A total of twenty-one F1 hybrids were produced from seven genetically diverse okra lines crossed with three testers. These hybrids, along with their parental lines, were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at the experimental field of Al Zaeim Al Azhari University, Sudan. Data collected included pod length, pods per plant, fresh and dry pod weight, dry-to-fresh weight ratio, hundred-seed weight, and yield per plant, which were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and t-tests to estimate heterotic effects. The results revealed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) among genotypes, indicating substantial genetic variability for yield-related traits. Among the crosses, HSD2543 × Sinnar showed the highest positive heterosis for pod length (+18.77%), while HSD2550 × Sinnar recorded the greatest increase in pods per plant (+33.33%). In addition, HSD1840 × Sinnar exhibited maximum heterosis for pod dry weight (+57.50%), and HSD1835 × Sinnar produced the highest yield per plant (+27.36%). Standard heterosis analysis further confirmed the superior performance of hybrids involving the tester Sinnar, suggesting its strong genetic influence in improving yield traits. Overall, the findings demonstrate the effectiveness of heterosis in enhancing okra productivity and identify promising hybrid combinations, particularly those involving Sinnar, for future breeding and potential commercialization.

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