Adjustment Techniques for Correcting Cadastral Maps Using Multiple Methods

Abstract

Cadastral mapping in the Absheron region has undergone significant transformations since the land reform period of 1996, resulting in the use of diverse coordinate systems, mapping techniques, and data acquisition methods. Early cadastral plans were developed using the Krassovsky coordinate system (SK-42), while later processes involved conversion to the WGS-84 system using computational tools. However, inconsistencies and positional errors have emerged due to differences between these coordinate systems, including variations in spatial reference frameworks, height systems, and projection methods. This study examines the challenges associated with integrating legacy cadastral data into modern geodetic frameworks and highlights the need for accurate adjustment and transformation techniques. Various coordinate transformation methods are evaluated, including Least Squares (LS), Least Absolute Value (LAV), and Total Least Squares (TLS), alongside affine transformation approaches. The findings emphasize that appropriate adjustment methods are essential for minimizing transformation errors and ensuring consistency in cadastral datasets. The study also demonstrates the application of coordinate transformation techniques in resolving discrepancies during the integration of cadastral maps into the WGS-84 system.